Sentence examples for by using a retrospective from inspiring English sources

The aim of this study was to investigate radiographically the relationship of tobacco smoking and periapical status by using a retrospective case-control study design.

We analyze the theoretical foundations of the models, and show, by using a retrospective comparative case study approach from two European hospitals, how these models have been applied to improve quality and safety.

We analyzed the association between the incidence of chronic postoperative pain after BCS and the use of TPVB combined with general anesthesia by using a retrospective chart review and telephone survey.

First, data were obtained by using a retrospective self-administered questionnaire.

The 'thentest' captures changes in internal standards of measurement, or scale recalibration by using a retrospective pre-test design.

Data for the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses are collected by using a retrospective cost interview.

By using a retrospective-prospective design in the second part of the study we were able to obtain the longitudinal data required to answer the questions addressed.

By using a retrospective-prospective longitudinal study design we were able to track BMI, glucose and lipid profiles from late childhood and adolescent ages to adulthood in a white Caucasian populations.

The children's food, snacking and meal frequencies were reported by their parents using a retrospective food frequency questionnaire.

The children's food and drink intake was reported by their parents using a retrospective food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which asked about habitual daily consumption of 39 food items, 11 types of dinks, 13 snack items and 5 main meals during the last 6 months.

We evaluated a series of hypotheses regarding an association between in utero residential "exposure" to specific agricultural pesticides (that is, maternal residence in close proximity to sites of application) and the development of ASD by linking existing databases using a retrospective case control design.