Sentence examples for by using a quantal from inspiring English sources

There are other ways in which an observed gradual increase in tumour risk after parameter perturbation could be achieved, in particular by assuming a random tumour growth rate, or by using a quantal response rate, relating probability of tumour detection to size, as outlined by Bartoszyński et al. [ 125].

For example, some older toxicologic studies used a "quantal" model describing binary outcomes that occur when an individual's tolerance for an exposure is exceeded (Finney 1971).

Therefore, the advent of novel computer-assisted video image analysis methods (VIA) is potentially significant, as it provides the ability to quantitate cells using a continuous scale from zero to maximal density, rather than a quantal or discontinuous grading scale as determined by standard visual methods.

The stimulus chromaticity was defined using a three-dimensional cone contrast space in which each axis represents the quantal catch of the L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast).

Quantal analyses were performed on 18 out of 38 connections for which 100 or more traces were recorded, and individual PSCs in single traces could be differentiated from the noise using a detection threshold of 2 times the standard deviation.

The important feature in many of these security games was the use of a quantal response [36] function to derive probabilities in a mixed strategy to selecting alternatives.

This test is a survival-adjusted quantal-response procedure that modifies the Cochran-Armitage linear trend test to take survival differences into account; we used a value of k = 3 in the analysis of site-specific lesions.

These possibilities can be distinguished by a quantal analysis in which the size of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic potential released spontaneously from the presynaptic terminal is used as a reference.

The U.S. EPA has used an extra risk of 10% as a default (with the exception of developmental toxicity data, where an extra risk of 5% has been applied), and the EFSA also recommends a default BMR (extra risk) of 10% for quantal data, with modification based on statistical or toxicological considerations as needed (EFSA 2009a).

We used quantal analysis to isolate responses produced by the absorption of single photons.

Crawford and Wilson (1996) treated the noncancer toxicity as a quantal endpoint appearing with a probability characterized by a dose-response that implicitly uses as its "dose" measure the intensity of the underlying toxicity-generating process.