In the case of a C-terminal InDel, most of the protein product would be translated before encountering the variant while in the instance of a N-terminal InDel, there may be an opportunity to rescue major part of the protein by using a cryptic downstream start codon [ 47].
The LFLE 5' domain swap was generated by amplification of the LAVA_F1 5' end using a downstream primer with a SmaI recognition site (L284_Kpn 5'-AC GGTACC TAGAAGTAGAAAACACCGAC-3'; L284_Sma 5'-AT CCCGGG CCCGGGAGGCCCGGG3').
For this species complex, we then developed a degenerated primer set (JB2-JB5 GED, Table 1) based on an alignment with the Genbank sequences we had downloaded before, the rhabditid sequences we had by then, and one Halomonhystera sequence we had obtained by using a reverse primer further downstream (JB7GED, Table 1).
However, all HBV RNA transcripts are polyadenylated by using a single pA signal downstream of the HBx termination codon.
By using a forward primer located downstream of the in-frame intron in exon 4 (DSX8F) and reverse primer within the putative male-specific/common exon 6 (DSX6R), we generated an amplicon spanning a ca. 1,079 bp exon (exon 5, Fig. 4b) specific to the female that was spliced to exon 6 after removal of 2.9 kb of intronic sequence (Fig. 1).
This ratio is maintained either by ribosomal read-through of a stop codon between the Gag and Pol reading frames in a bicistronic mRNA or,more typically, by using a ribosomal frameshift to translate the downstream Pol reading frame.
By using a geographic information system, they calculated that the downstream impacts of dams on these rivers have probably negatively affected at least 472 million people.
The diameter and the number density of micro-bubbles are measured by using phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) in the downstream region of the nozzle, and the flow patterns in the nozzle are visualized by using a high-speed camera.
The other four cDNAs lacked exon 2' (4.1R80 cDNAs) and hence give rise to short isoforms of protein 4.1R by using the downstream ATG2 present in exon 4 as a translation initiation site.
Finally, two types of output (dual synteny plot and circle plot) were obtained by using two downstream programs.
