In this paper, we propose an extended PPHOQ by using a least deviation based approach (LDBA), and balanced scorecard (BSC), and develop a comprehensive and systematic approach to determine the aggregated PRs of ECs in the extended PPHOQ.
We also examined the relation of IQ with mortality risk by using a standard deviation (1.93 IQ "units") decrease in the continuous 9-point version of the global IQ scale.
At a constant alert rate of 1%, sensitivity was improved for both datasets by using a minimum standard deviation (SD) of 1.0, a 14 28 day baseline duration for calculating mean and SD, and an adjustment for total clinic visits as a surrogate denominator.
To generate statistics based on the magnitude of change observed between affected and unaffected twins at each locus, we developed a custom-weighted t-test that adds weight to bigger twin differences by using a constant standard deviation as the denominator in the t-test (estimated from array-wide distribution).
For detection of phase shift, the data were smoothened by a 24-h moving average and the damping effect was corrected by using a 24-h standard deviation (Izumo et al. 2006).
Similarly, the fact of antibiotic pretreatment before ICU admission may also influence the identification of the pathogen and misclassify, but we minimized the deviation by using a retrospective diagnosis and excluding the patients who had uncertain diagnosis or no pathogens were identified.
A somewhat more complicated urban metric is the Index of Resident Economic Well Being, [ 46] which combines indicators from five Domains (unemployment rate; poverty rate; labor force participation; median household income; per capita income) by using a linear combination of N-scores (deviations from the median, as opposed to z-scores, which are standard deviations from the mean).
In the LGE images the size of myocardial infarction was measured by using a threshold of two standard deviations of the remote myocardium [ 5, 27].
Further, we reran the analyses that included birth weight standard deviation score by using a birth weight standard based on serial ultrasound measurements of the fetus (20) instead of the commonly used Finnish standard based on newborn measurements (19).
To use these hypotheses of divergence, we took the mean of each estimate (60.4 mya, Otophryninae; 79.1 mya, Gastrophryninae) and by using a normal distribution with 5 standard deviations constrained these nodes to the approximate ranges reported before [ 15].
