The binding of the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12 to CD4/CXCR4-proteoliposomes was analyzed by FACS using a competition assay [46], [55].
The binding of the small-molecule CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to CD4/CXCR4-proteoliposomes was analyzed by FACS using a competition assay [47], [55].
However, the previous observation that Zn II) competes with the other metals (see above), suggesting overlapping sites, led us to investigate further the Zn II) coordination of E37A/C66A/C67A YjiA by using a zincon competition.
In this work, we found, by using a quantitative competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure, that S-guanylated human serum albumin (S-cGMP-HSA) is a component of normal plasma, and that hemodialysis patients decrease its concentration, on an average, from 68 to 34 nM.
Some positive sera were additionally tested for specificity for the mutated epitope using a competition ELISA by coating B-Raf or B-Raf V599E and competing Raf specific human antibodies by titrating in unbound B-Raf or B-Raf V599E (fig. 2A,2B,2C).
In forests where the spatial pattern is stationary across space, i.e., where the density of individuals λ(x) does not depend on the location x, the competition effects may be assessed by using a distance-independent measure of competition without requiring spatial information.
Westinghouse's engineering team won this competition by using a programmable 18-bit computer whose software could be modified before each mission.
By using a test setup that encouraged competition, Bräuer and colleagues found results consistent with Hare et al. (2000) in a new group of chimpanzees: subordinates preferentially targeted the hidden pieces that the dominants could not see.
To engage this, we have to model competition internally by using a game-theoretic method, a topic we are now turning to.
