Thus, HSF2 appears to play a detrimental role in the developing cortex chronically exposed to alcohol by participating in the formation of atypical heterotrimers that, by binding to genes involved in radial neuronal migration that are normally regulated by HSF2, result in their abnormal expression (Fig 7).
Dysregulation of some miRNAs encoded by the 14q32.31 locus has been already reported but the relationship between their abnormal expression and the clinical outcome of the disease has not been investigated (Bray et al, 2009).
Their abnormal expression detected in a number of tumors implies that their dysregulation is involved in malignant transformation.
Therefore, we reasoned that the atypical susceptibility of mDCs-rtv to NK lysis might be caused by an abnormal expression of NK activatory receptors on their surface.
The main mechanism of the microRNoma (a term we coined for the full complement of miRNAs present in a genome) alteration in cancer cells is represented by aberrant gene expression, characterized by abnormal expression of mature and/or precursor miRNA sequences in comparison with corresponding normal tissues.
Active anticancer components are known to exhibit a consistent antitumor effect by blocking abnormal expression alterations of multiple signaling proteins, such as VEGF, p53, JAK-STAT, and CDC14A [454 55] 55].
KRT19 was reported as a biomarker for tumor growth or metastasis in HCC; however, the detailed pathway involved by the abnormal expression of KRT19 still remained unclear.
Cancer metastasis is a complicated process facilitated by the abnormal expression of metastasis-related genes, such as those involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration.
Abnormal glucose metabolism in the UE is also evidenced by the abnormal expression of enzymes involved in the PPP: G6PD, the enzyme responsible for the first and rate-limiting step of PPP, is strongly activated in the UE (Fig. 4).
A key change that occurs during EMT is the "cadherin switch", in which the normal expression of E-cadherin is replaced by the abnormal expression of N- or P-cadherin [ 16, 17].
