Sentence examples for by the zero vector from inspiring English sources

Given the fact the failure propagation forms a monotone decreasing sequence bounded by the zero vector, it converges toward its very minimum, as stated by the monotone convergence theorem.

Therefore, if no mutation was observed at a given position, it was encoded by the zero vector.

This relationship is completed by associating the zero vector to the identity rotation, making the relationship continuous.

It follows from { x n − T x n } ⊂ M and x n − T x n → 0 as n → ∞ by Lemma 2.1(3) that the zero vector 0 ∈ M and so there exists q ∈ G such that q = T q.

For example, to add or subtract vectors v and w graphically (see the diagram), move each to the origin and complete the parallelogram formed by the two vectors; v + w is then one diagonal vector of the parallelogram, and v − w is the other diagonal vector.

There was no significant difference in the luciferase expression induced by the three vectors in NIH 3T3 cells (Fig. 13).

(d) For a unit norm frame, the absolute value of the inner product between two frame vectors equals the cosine of the acute angle between the lines spanned by the two vectors.

For example, the angle formed by the two vectors (which intersect at the center of mass) tells you whether the animal's body is stretched out straight, curled up, or turned to the left or right.

We then compared the levels of VNP expression elicited by the two vectors in the chick neural tube.

In line with this, transmission by the three vectors (Anopheles gambiae, An. funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus) as determined by dissection declined sharply (overall vector infectivity rate by 99.3% and mean monthly transmission potential by 99.2% between pre-intervention and fifth post-intervention period).

In this multidimensional space, the direction of two vectors can be compared by computing the inner product of the two vector elements that provides an estimate of the correlation R between the two vectors.