Sentence examples for by the upper layers from inspiring English sources

Where reliability is required, it should be implemented by the upper layers.

The sound from the lower layers is muffled by the upper layers.

Furthermore, RLC can also be instructed to discard any unmapped RLC SDU by the upper layers such as PDCP.

Note that these packets may be forwarded to the next hop (if j is an intermediate node) or processed by the upper layers (if j is the destination node).

This can be observed, for example, by plotting a spectrum reconstructed from the d x values obtained by SEM (Figure 1a, lower red spectrum), while the Si-Si and Si-Ge modes are well reproduced because they are generated mostly by the upper layers; the simulation of the Ge-Ge mode is not accurate since it is generated by the lower buried layers.

Tamara Frank, a visual ecologist at the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution in Florida, has studied the vision of deep-sea animals that inhabit water depths where sunlight does not penetrate and where the long-wavelength red light is absorbed by the upper layers of water.

It is the basis for a number of specifications, such as ZigBee, which further extend the standard by developing the upper layers which are not defined in IEEE 802.15.4.

The control trajectories optimising the operational cost over one day to one week horizon are generated by the upper layer.

The lower layer uses as setpoint the output generated by the upper layer to automatically track the operating point despite any disturbances affecting the plant.

The deficiency of such hierarchy is that the tracking of the steady-state set-points, that are computed by the upper layer, is accomplished by the lower layer in an economically non-optimal way.

The lower layer LEMPC uses a shorter prediction horizon and smaller sampling period than the upper layer LEMPC and involves explicit performance-based constraints computed by the upper layer LEMPC.