Sentence examples for by the total internal from inspiring English sources

These observations were further corroborated by the total internal reflection microscopy imaging results (Supplementary Figure S3).

When it is larger than the critical angle, as shown (3) in Fig. 1(A), the scintillation light is reflected inside the scintillator by the total internal reflection and cannot escape.

The photons are confined by the total internal reflection at the ZnO-air boundary, where lasing occurs in WGMs with a high Q factor.

The high-quality factor (Q) of WGM microcavity (MC) could be achieved by the total internal reflection (TIR) that could facilitate to further reduce the lasing threshold.

Obviously, most electromagnetic energy of the nanocavity mode is localized in the three missed air holes due to the 2D photonic bandgap effect and is also confined inside the slab by the total internal reflection.

Along the vertical (z) direction perpendicular to the slab plane, the electric field of the nanocavity mode is mostly confined inside the slab by the total internal reflection, as shown in Figure 1c.

This may be achieved by quantizing the total internal energy of a molecule and dividing the quanta randomly among the rotational and vibrational energy modes.

The composite phase structure of ceramic phosphor is designed for improving the extraction efficacy and increasing the luminous efficacy by breaking the total internal reflection (TIR) at the interface between air and ceramic.

Optimized interface configurations were obtained by minimization of the total internal energy with respect to relative translation states of the adjoining grains and relaxations of all atomic positions.

The total internal stresses were determined by curvature measurements and the Stoney formula.

The Fourier transform infrared spectra were registered using a Cary 630 ATR-FTIR instrument (Agilent Technologies) by the attenuated total internal reflection technique.