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Exact(8)
All of the heterogeneity (100%) was caused by the threshold effect.
Another potential source of heterogeneity was investigated by meta-regression analysis if heterogeneity among studies could not be fully explained by the threshold effect.
If heterogeneity could not be explained by the threshold effect, the data were analyzed using a meta-regression model that included prevalence as an independent variable.
We found that the heterogeneity observed in our meta-analysis could be fully explained by the threshold effect, which had not been investigated in the previous meta-analyses.
Heterogeneity induced by the threshold effect in the included studies was assessed by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient and p value between the logit of sensitivity and logit of 1 specificity.
The bivariate model analysis revealed that the heterogeneity was only partly (15%) explained by the threshold effect where variations in sensitivity and specificity were related to differences in the cut-off points of sTREM-1 in the included studies.
Similar(52)
The metaregression was weighted by study size and the threshold effect was not considered, as there were not additional cutoff points within each pre-specified haemoglobin threshold.
It was not possible to explore the threshold effect by subgroup analysis owing to the small number of studies reporting this outcome, therefore bivariate meta-analysis was carried out, which did not change the overall results (2.1, 1.2 to 4.1).
Clinical significance is assessed by comparing the true effect size to the threshold effect size.
In challenging scenarios such as the presence of closely-spaced sources and/or high level of noise, using the true source number for nonlinear parameter estimation leads to the threshold effect which is characterized by an abnormally large mean square error (MSE).
In all cases, the threshold effect could be explained by heterogeneity, except for history of UTI.
More suggestions(15)
by the network effect
by the threshold expression
by the intermediacy effect
by the skin effect
by the capillary effect
by the threshold cointegration
by the threshold method
by the threshold Notion
by the threshold parameter
by the availability effect
by the ripple effect
by the threshold price
by the threshold stress
by the hysteresis effect
by the threshold value
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