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Intraoral hemangioma appears in the head and neck area unfrequently, but oral mucosa and skin are the most affected tissues in the oral cavity followed by the surrounding bone and muscle.
In addition to its rheological properties, the enamel of unerupted crowns experiences relatively limited cracking and flaking because the structure is buffered against the direct effects of heat by the surrounding bone of the jaw [39] [41].
Furthermore, as mentioned above, protective factors may be secreted by the surrounding bone or bone marrow.
The arrival of circulating cancer cells to the skeleton depends first on the adhesive interactions with the endothelial cells lining the bone marrow sinusoids, and then the extravasation toward chemoattractant molecules produced by the surrounding bone stroma.
16 The rationale of using bisphosphonates for the detection of bone malignancies is that the presence of neoplastic cells usually induces increased turnover by the surrounding bone tissue; therefore, bisphosphonates primarily accumulate on the surface of crystals of hydroxyapatite around neoplastic tissue, rather than in the healthy bone.
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It may be caused either by high tensile stresses or by osteolysis of the surrounding bone in response to the presence of particle debris.
The downside of this type of fixation, however, is that while screw failure will occur mostly by stripping of the surrounding bone [ 31, 32, 46, 51] failure of hooks tends to result more in catastrophic bone fracture [ 46].
On CT, obliteration of the cochlea will be accompanied by otospongiotic foci in the surrounding bone (Fig. 6).
Furthermore, the expression of Dkk-1 by the OS cells at the periphery of the tumour probably contributes to its expansion by inhibiting repair of the surrounding bone.
Since Dkk-1 and RANKL inhibit osteogenic differentiation and activate osteoclasts, respectively, these proteins probably contribute to tumour expansion by inhibiting repair of the surrounding bone while simultaneously accelerating resorption.
In contrast, a bisphosphonate released from the surface will influence the surrounding bone directly, by changing the balance between bone formation and resorption.
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