Sentence examples for by the surface gradient from inspiring English sources
Outlet glaciers between Marble and Independence Hills flow northward into Horseshoe Glacier, as evidenced by the surface gradient, flow structures and the orientation of medial moraines between the massifs (Figs 2 and 3c).
Then, the arclength derivative ′ has to be replaced by the surface gradient ∇ Γ.
More precisely, the well-balanced requirement is fulfilled by following the surface gradient method, while the positivity requirement of the computed water height component is ensured by following a new technique specially designed for the unstaggered central schemes.
The source term due to variable bed elevation is treated in a well-balanced way so that quiescent flow is exactly replicated; this is done by adopting the Surface Gradient Method (SGM).
This wave-generated flow is driven by the water surface gradient resulting from the wave set-up created by the breaking waves.
The higher surface tension of the lower temperature metal near the edge of the melt pool and the thermal-capillary force induced by the surface temperature gradient tend to pull the molten metal away from the center of the melt pool.
The pressure caused by the surface tension gradient along the free surface is given as {P}_t={nabla}_tsigma (6).
This is important, as Marangoni forces caused by the surface tension gradient at the liquid-metal/electrolyte interface can result in strong backflow of the electrolyte.
(b) Extensional crevasses within the blue-ice moraine at the western end of the Independence Hills are consistent with present northward flow implied by the northward dipping surface gradient at this location, and with flow structures in the ice.
Different methods are respectively proposed to calculate the discharge of flow exchange caused by free surface gradient and turbidity current intrusion.
By increasing the surface tension gradient M (thermocapillary number), the flow velocity decreases initially but after (eta=0.66) it starts increasing, that is, the flow turns from slight deceleration to higher velocity and the temperature decreases as shown in Figures 7(a -7(b), respectively.
