Our findings show that food residue and soils affect the extent and amount of bacteria attaching to abiotic surfaces by altering the surface contact properties for the bacteria.
We validated that the surface wettability of those surfaces with hierarchical MNHS by measuring the surface contact angle for deionized water.
The interlocked interface formed between the nano-pillar Ni electrode and nano-pillar PDMS composite thin film effectively enhanced the triboelectricity of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by increasing the surface contact area and contact time, related to the frictional forces.
Using Antirrhinum isogenic lines differing only in the presence of a single epidermal structure, conical cells, we were able to investigate how the structure of the epidermis influences petal wettability by measuring the surface contact angle of water drops.
The wettability of the fresh petals of the conical-celled wild type and flat-celled mixta mutant was determined by measuring the surface contact angle of single water drops as they were extruded onto the surface via a syringe needle (the advancing contact angle) or were removed (receding contact angle).
An angulation of 30° to 40° [11–14] has also been proposed by several other authors to increase the surface contact between the mini-implant and the cortical bone.
The surface contacts formed by many actuators subsequently enables the formation of an enclosed boundary which is useful for the construction of a tissue with cutout-shape [16].
Despite the low effective thermal conductivity of the MPL, thermal performance of the GDL can be improved by exploiting the excellent surface contact resistance of the MPL.
However, considering that HPV infection is mainly transmitted by cell surface contact, the route of viral transmission to the colon remains to be determined [ 2].
