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The near-term computational and methodological issues we must address will be profoundly influenced by the study designs of the recent past.
However, notwithstanding the considerable limits represented by the study designs, which were mainly retrospective, the observational studies reviewed seem to support the implementation of isolation (or segregation) measures to reduce the risk of transmission of BCC and PA in CF patients.
The magnitude of this effect cannot be accurately determined from the studies reviewed above due to a lack of certainty in many studies, as well as varying measures that were targeted by the study designs.
However, the interpretation of results is limited by the study designs; two studies were non-randomised [ 49, 50] and one was designed to assess the effects of the intervention on hyperlipidaemia [ 51].
Evidence for effectiveness of such interventions is at present weak and compounded by the study designs which may be opportunistic, frequently incorporate non-randomised allocation of study sites, use subjective outcome measures, and do not incorporate follow-up of study participants.
On the other hand, women with menopause-induced osteoporotic fracture are more likely to be found in orthopaedic wards and homes and not in the Gynaecology clinic and church service (as in the study of Nkwo et.al) or in a village square meeting (as in the study of Agwu et.al) and so may have been unintentionally excluded by the study designs!
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Bristol stands by the study design.
The observed heterogeneity for type 2 diabetes association is also explained by the study design of the 3 GWA investigations.
†Weighted and adjusted by the study design.
Third, this study was limited by the study design.
The different findings can be explained by the study design.
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