The three genes catalyzed the sequential desaturation of stearic acid at Δ9, Δ12 and Δ15 position, generating oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, respectively.
LA is metabolized to arachidonic acid (AA, 20 4n-6 20 4n-6ando eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), and both are converted by the same sequentiaLNAesatoration and eicosapentaenoice systems (Δ6-desacidasEPAΔ5-desaturase, and elongases) during their biosynthesis.
The metabolism of ALA, involving sequential desaturation and elongation steps, gives rise to two important long-chain n-3 PUFA: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 5n3) (see Figure 1f) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22 6n3) (see Figure 1g).
sphaeroides phytoene desaturase (CrtI) catalyses three sequential desaturations of the colourless carotenoid phytoene, extending the number of conjugated carbon carbon double bonds, N, from three to nine and producing the yellow carotenoid neurosporene; subsequent modifications produce the yellow/red carotenoids spheroidene/spheroidenone (N = 10/11).
We can produce them endogenously metabolically converting α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18 3 ω-3), an essential PUFA largely available in vegetables, through sequential desaturations and elongations followed by peroxisomal β-oxidation [ 18].
But Elling generally does his work without altering melody but by treating the sequential measures of a song unconventionally.
The vadose zone enhances vertical flow due to the presence of free surface and large contrasts in hydraulic conductivity triggered by the desaturation of gravel channels nearby the pumping well.
Similar results were seen by the 'reverse' sequential ChIP.
ALA can only be obtained from the diet, while DHA and EPA can be synthesized in the body by the desaturation and elongation of ALA.
The expression of CtFAD2-9 in yeast led to the specific synthesis of palmitolinoleic acid (C16:2Δ9,12), presumably produced by the desaturation of palmitoleic acid.
