Sentence examples for by the selection coefficient from inspiring English sources
This is quantified by the selection coefficient s.
At a generation, each locus was characterized by the selection coefficient s and (for the switching selection mode) the waiting time for this coefficient to switch sign.
This equation shows how the probability of fixation u(P) is determined by the selection coefficient, the population size and the allele frequency: (8) Here, P is the overall frequency of the transgene.
It is therefore only direct effects on individual fitness that are taken into account by the selection coefficient described here; i.e., Eq. 2. evaluates the change in growth rate of individuals in species i due to changes in ω ij and not ω ji, and furthermore, only changes to ω ij caused by positive selection coefficients, not those caused by indirect normalisation effects.
Relative codon fitness is computed by comparing the selection coefficient of each codon to an arbitrary codon (the model uses GGG); positive or negative values indicate that the codon is respectively more or less advantageous than GGG.
Mutations are affected mostly by random drift when the selection coefficient (s) is less than the reciprocal of the effective population size (|s|<1/Ne) [44].
If diversity is maintained by negative frequency-dependence, the selection coefficient should be positive at low initial frequency and negative at high initial frequency.
The time-rescaling procedure enables the simulation of λ t generations of unscaled time in t generations of simulated time by scaling the population size by a factor of 1/λ and the selection coefficient and mutation rate by a factor of λ, keeping the population genetics parameters 2 Nµ and 4 Ns (population-scaled mutation rate and selection coefficient, respectively) unchanged.
If one assumes that the frequency of a mutation is related to the selection coefficient by, can be roughly estimated by comparing the frequency observed at different generations.
Under the two-route models, R H-lat values thus vary between -1 and +1 (Fig. 3b), depending on several parameters including the product of population density by migration rate Nm and the selection coefficient s.
More generally, in theory, the evolution of resistance can be delayed by any factors that reduce the selection coefficient between individuals with and without r alleles (Gould 1998; Carrière and Tabashnik 2001; Andow and Ives 2002; Crowder and Carrière 2009).
