Sentence examples for by the second gradient from inspiring English sources

Water molecules will be dephased by the first gradient and rephased by the second gradient.

Moving spins however acquire an effective phase shift because their motion limits rephrasing by the second gradient.

The refocusing introduced by the second gradient will be visible on MR diffusion images as high signal.

In case of molecules that move in the direction of the gradients, the phase shift created by the first gradient will not be rephrased by the second gradient.

However, mobile water is not completely rephased by the second gradient due to movement to a different microenvironment during the application of the first gradient, so that a subsequent reduction in signal intensity is observed[ 6 8].

In stationary water molecules that have not moved substantially between the first and second gradient, the extra rotation induced by the second gradient will be identical to the first one and all of them will be in phase at the end of the second gradient, generating virtually a high signal.

We can generalize the behavior by including the second gradient, which enables an interaction of particles in a greater neighborhood.

We prove that, when the two media are completely identical on the two sides of the discontinuity surface, the modalities of repartition of the energy initially carried by the incident wave among the reflected and transmitted ones can be highly influenced by the value of the second gradient parameter only when considering "generalized permeable hinges" and for sufficiently high frequencies.

Static water molecules develop additional phase incoherencies from the application of the first diffusion gradient, but these incoherencies are eliminated by the application of the second gradient, resulting in no additional net loss of signal (aside from normal T2 decay).

Indeed, for sufficiently high frequencies, these switching phenomena can be seen to be triggered by some critical values of the second gradient parameter.

The first gradient pulse induces a phase shift of water molecules which will be followed by an incomplete rephasing after the second gradient pulse, with a magnitude depending on the mobility of the water molecules.