Sentence examples for by the screening effect from inspiring English sources

At acidic condition (pH < 4), one can notice an obviously reduced swelling; it was aroused by the screening effect of the counter ions (e.g., Cl−) which reduce the effective charges of –NH2+ and therefore decrease the efficient repulsion between the two cations (–NH2+) [ 36].

This rapid convergence towards the solution is guaranteed by the screening effect.

Similar phenomena were observed in the comparison of PL intensities in the presence of different-size cations (i.e., Na+ and Cs+) [11], which can also be explained by the screening effect of cations on SDS headgroups [18].

Intertube repulsion is enhanced by steric repulsive forces owing to increased SDS packing density caused by the screening effect at low ion concentrations, whereas intertube attraction is enhanced by van der Waals forces dominating over the steric repulsive forces at high ion concentrations.

Accordingly, the reduced capacity of the carboxylation reactions to act as photosynthetic electron sinks may explain the corresponding loss of PSII photon trapping efficiency, which could not be fully alleviated by the screening effect of the accumulated anthocyanins (Nikiforou et al. 2011).

This observation was explained by considering the screening effect of the spacer layer, or spacer clusters, or even spacers adopting compact coiled conformation.

Our strategy is based on the hetero-assembly of MWCNTs and nanostructured building units by utilizing the screening effect of electrostatic repulsion in a solution engineered ionic strength using highly soluble ammonium salt to form three-dimensional hierarchical assemblies of MWCNT networks and packed MNTP NCs.

In a letter to Epidemiology, Tsuda claims to have addressed the screening effect by adjusting the number of cancer cases to account for the lag time between when an ultrasound examination would catch the cancers and when they could be clinically identified.

To test the robustness of the findings we repeated the analyses under different statistical assumptions (sensitivity analyses), including leaving out the cohort effect, using non-smoothed period effects, and weighting the screening effect by age and time since screening (table 3).

This is because the helical morphology of the CNCs can reduce the screening effect produced by the surrounding substrate.

However, how electrical field emission properties of ITO NWs influenced by the screen effect in the differently grown situations is still interesting [19].