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The basic idea in analytical redundancy (AR) methods is to compare the actual behavior of the system with a nominal fault-free model driven by the same inputs, using residuals.
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Therefore, the output totals in each row are multiplied by the same input coefficient.
Output properties of this filter are analyzed using 2-D FDTD method by injecting the pulse train including three Gaussian pulses with full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of 6 ps by the same input power but at different wavelengths.
Now if there exists a collection of these individual fractional-order operators driven by the same input, then their outputs can be combined F ( s ) = k 1 s q 1 X ( s ) + k 2 s q 2 X ( s ) + k 3 s q 3 X ( s ) + k 4 s q 4 X ( s ) + ⋯ = ∑ n = 1 N k n s q n X ( s ).
From a theoretical point of view, these two models are characterized by the same input-output nonlinear mathematical relationships, although their parameters are estimated by different approaches (for details see PartI of this study).
This narrow time window strongly indicates that all cell types (with the exception of L2 neurons that show almost no overlap with VPM axons) are activated initially by the same input volley, originating from VPM (Brecht and Sakmann 2002b; Bruno and Sakmann 2006).
This pattern is consistent with the described expression of An. gam sog, which is mesodermally, not ectodermally, expressed, perhaps due to utilization of a different combination of cis-regulatory inputs, or of the same inputs with different strengths, by the responsible CRM (Goltsev et al. 2007).
By using the same input RNAs, the same batches of arrays and reagents, and by exchanging labeled samples and hybridized slides between the Amsterdam and California laboratories, we were able to examine which steps exhibited the largest variation between the two sites.
Accurate comparisons between dosimetry models can be achieved by using the same input patient data (administered activity and SPECT/CT images) into all of the VBDM.
By adopting the same input parameters, the NVP values are obtained and compared with the early work of Yang et al. for a single building in four representative cities which are located in different climates, i.e., Urumqi in severe cold regions, Beijing in cold regions, Shanghai in hot summer and cold winter regions and Guangzhou in hot summer and warm winter regions of China.
Therefore, reconstruction was repeated by using the same input spatial frequencies but only along one direction (x or y).
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