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You float a tiny distance above, suspended by the repulsion between atoms.
However, this interaction is prohibited by the repulsion between the negatively charged species adsorbed at the alumina surface and the anion dominating in the bulk solution (HPO42-) and therefore the increase in bulk phosphate concentration does imply only a small increase in adsorbed amount of phosphate (Figure 6).
(1) The symmetric hydrogen bond is therefore strained with the X··· Y distance determined more by the repulsion between the X and Y ions than by the expected lengths of the X−H and H− Y bonds.
When the concentration was higher than 14.0 mg/L, the decrease of flocculating activity could be explained by the repulsion between particles with the same negative charge due to the excessive introduction of charged polysaccharides.
Because hydrogen bonds that are more symmetric than this are stretched by the repulsion between X and Y, the X−H and H··· X bonds are in tension and are constrained to be linear, that is, the X−H··· Y angle is 180°, and eq 26 no longer strictly applies as can be seen from an inspections of the bond-valence - bond-length correlation for H−O bonds shown in Figure 19.
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This trend may be explained by a more efficient charge screening of macromolecules by zwitterions which reduce the repulsion between proteins, leading to their accumulation at the interface.
The half-zippered intermediate was stabilized by externally applied force that mimicked the repulsion between apposed membranes being forced to fuse.
A unique aspect of this dissociation problem in polyelectrolytes is the repulsion between the backbone charges created by dissociation.
The repulsion between a SM-Chol condensed complex and POPC is similar to the average repulsion between a SM-Chol pair and POPC in our model.
The interactions with the two histidines are not strong enough to cause significant ruffle-type distortion on the porphyrin plane; on the other hand, the distance of the imidazole groups is limited by the electron repulsion between the hydrogen atoms of imidazole and the porphyrin plane.
The oriented growth of carbon nanoflakes is maintained by the repulsion effect between the carbon nanoflakes due to the net charge produced from the hydrocarbon radicals on the edges of carbon nanoflakes via charge transfer between H and C atoms.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com