Sentence examples for by the reprogramming of from inspiring English sources
Phenotypic modifications controlled by epigenetic mechanisms can be reversed by the reprogramming of gene expression following stresses or developmental processes [ 40, 41, 43].
iPSCs are generated by the reprogramming of somatic cells through the expression of ectopic transcription factors, and have been shown to be able to differentiate into all cell types of the body, including functional cardiomyocytes (CMs).
Additionally, several reports demonstrated that cancer stem-like cells can be obtained by the reprogramming of cancer cells [ 42, 43] and primary tumours [ 36] to iPSC-like induced pluripotent cancer cells (iPCs).
Regarding the first point, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a very promising source of stem cells that are relatively easily generated by the reprogramming of adult somatic cells, such as fibroblasts, and that can be differentiated into all cell types of the body, including CMs.
This activation process might be supported by the reprogramming of CHH methylation of the paternal genome that is subject to hypomethylation in the sperm cells before fertilization [ 21] and later, shared a similar CHH methylation status with the maternal genome in the endosperm after fertilization [ 33].
These results suggest the existence of an adaptive response involving a cytoprotective effect by 'non-canonical SG' to promote survival of stressed cells by contributing to the reprogramming of protein expression and by blocking senescence and/or pro-apoptotic signaling cascades.
We evaluated by PCR whether the reprogramming of fibroblasts to blood process was associated with any of these distinct embryonic steps.
It is reported that reprogramming factors that are fused with a TAD from MyoD increases the reprogramming of MEFs by 50-fold [69].
A role for CLRs in trained immunity has recently been described, where the reprogramming of monocytes by Dectin-1/ Raf-1 signalling prevented infection with C. albicans and other organisms (Quintin et al., 2012).
DNA microarray analysis shows that these modifications are accompanied by the transcriptional reprogramming of genes related to myogenesis through the TGFβ signaling pathway and to energy production via fatty acids and glucose oxidation.
