Sentence examples for by the replication fork from inspiring English sources
It has previously been reported that replication forks in the nrdA (ts) mutant frequently stall and are recovered by the replication fork reversal process [13], [43].
Despite these important repair mechanisms, 8-oxodG lesions do persist during S-phase and are encountered by the replication fork.
In contrast, when DNA damage such as UV- or MMS-induced lesions are encountered by the replication fork, PCNA is first monoubiquitylated at lysine 164 by the Rad6– Rad18 pathway (Hoege et al. 2002), which promotes translesion synthesis by a number of error-prone polymerases (reviewed in Finley et al. 2012).
POLK is a member of Y family DNA polymerases, and functions by repairing the replication fork passing through DNA lesions [ 29].
Therefore, we next assessed whether RITA mediated a p53-dependent DNA damage response by affecting the replication fork and S-phase progression.
Our investigation of such situations reveals that when DNAP stalls or is the slower motor, the helicase becomes functionally uncoupled and outruns the DNAP by unwinding the replication fork at the unstimulated rates.
DNA damage check points are predominantly associated with the activation of ATM whereas ATR is activated by stalling of the replication fork induced by UV, nucleotide imbalance, and DNA cross-linking (Lukas et al, 2001; Chen et al, 2008).
In conclusion, it appears that a true correlation between GC-content and the distance covered by the replication forks only exist in Sakl0C-left.
It has been postulated that symmetrical rearrangements occur because recombination events are determined by the replication forks that are approximately equal distance from the o riC during bidirectional replication [ 57].
To explain this organization, a "replisome splitting" model was proposed in which the pattern of segregation of sister chromosomes is achieved by the replication forks separating into two different cell halves after initiation (Wang et al., 2006).
To test whether variation in GC-content might correlate with the physical distance covered by the replication forks rather than with replication timing, we plotted the GC-content as a function of the distance to replication origins within replicons for all chromosomes.
