Sentence examples for by the reference group from inspiring English sources
That is to say, for each BuS D, the average citations per paper cpp in a certain journal j are related to the average citations per paper in precisely this journal j with the same publication year and the same document type which have been reached by the reference group R (journal-based normalization).
Situationally appropriate criteria may have altered the weights determined by the reference group, allowing the final research option rankings to better reflect stakeholders' collective priorities.
The criteria of "maximum potential to reduce the disease burden" and "deliverability, affordability, and sustainability" were ranked the highest and "answerability" was ranked the lowest by the reference group.
Detailed assessment instructions were written by the reference group.
A method was developed by Futures Institute and finalized by the reference group.
The final instrument was also reviewed by the reference group advising the larger project.
DAPL runs through mainly private land that is owned by rich, white people who are by implication the reference group for for determining proper levels of environmental safety for all people "regardless of race, color, national origin, or income".
In this way, the increment of the expected distortion can also be calculated for the hierarchical B structure, where the structure can be simplified by using the reference group concept discussed in Section 2.2.1.
By definition, the reference group has a β-estimate of zero so that the value of the β-coefficient corresponds to the difference in scores for each dimension and category compared to the reference category.
By contrast, the reference group in the Seeger study included women using all other oral contraceptives, including those containing cyproterone and desogestrel, which have been found to have higher risks of venous thromboembolism compared with the second generation oral contraceptives.
In the current analysis, we investigated this question by setting the reference group to be never smokers who had also reported no passive smoking exposure and found there to be no association between breast cancer risk and active smoking either with or without additional passive smoking exposure.
