Sentence examples for by the reference genes from inspiring English sources

Nonsynonymous diversity (πns) is highest in Pra Nsp-D2, followed by Pra Nsp-D3, followed by the reference genes which have much lower levels of amino acid variation (Table 2).

The mRNA levels of AMPK were compared by calculating the crossing point (Cp) value and normalized by the reference genes (GAPDH) using the LightCycler 480 Relative Quantification software (Roche).

Note that both of these studies rely on gene expression and thus results may be influenced by the reference genes chosen, studies relating directly to protein expression and circulating proinflammatory cytokines are clearly required to further investigate these mechanisms.

The relative expression was calculated after normalization by the reference gene (rpL16) using the 2−ΔΔCt method.

This analysis avoids dividing by the reference gene Ct and does not assume that the reference and target gene assays have the same efficiencies.

The expression of each replicate was normalized by the reference gene, β-actin 2, which has shown to be stably expressed in both, crambe seedlings under arsenate stress and various Brassica napus cultivars [ 47, 50].

Quantification of the relative gene expression changes of the genes of interest were identified using the Cq (2-ΔΔCT) method [ 75] by comparison with the reference genes.

Additionally, qPCR method allows eliminating the false-positive results from healthy individuals by the determination of the cut-off point and eliminating the differences in the amount of cDNA template between samples by normalization to the reference genes.

The resulting mean N0 of the test genes was then normalized by dividing by the mean N0 of the reference genes.

As a result, use of these two pairs of co-regulated genes did not affect the final ranking of the reference genes by using geNorm software.

This situation was mimicked by assuming that two of the reference genes were not truly coregulated with the other genes.