Then, the Peak to Correlation Energy (PCE) between the reference and the query pattern is computed and compared to a threshold [23]: if the PCE is higher than the threshold, then it is decided that the query content has been acquired by the reference device.
The ability of the test devices to follow the trend of the changes in Hb values reported by the reference device was assessed by plotting the difference between subsequent measurements reported by each device to the difference in subsequent measurements reported by the reference device, and a coefficient of determination (R) was calculated.
By comparison, the reference device had a PCE of 1.95%.
By comparison, the reference device without NRs has an average PCE of only 6.5%.
Device A exhibits a maximum current efficiency of 16.4 cd/A and power efficiency of 8.3 lm/W at about 1,000 cd/m2, which are higher than those of the reference device by 53.3% and 50.9%, respectively.
Meanwhile, as shown in Figure 8b, the MMSE of the device u has a large scale location error since the estimated location of the MMSE is corrupted by the NLOS condition of the reference device B. The estimated location of the MMSE is out of the Min-max coordinate bounds, and the proposed approach decides its location as the center of the Min-max boundary.
By comparison, the dark current of the reference device E without WO3 ETL arose around 0.4 V, implying the highest recombination rate of carriers among all devices.
The photovoltaic device based on the 0.8% Zn-doped TiOx film had a power conversion efficiency of 3.39%, increased by ∼35%, compared with 2.51% of the reference device based on the pristine TiOx film.
WOLEDs with TPBi as PBL exhibits a peak current efficiency and a power efficiency of 16.4 cd/A and 8.3 lm/W at about 1,000 cd/m2, which increase by 53.3% and 50.9% over the reference device, respectively; meanwhile, a maximum luminance of 17,700 cd/m2 is achieved, which keeps a similar luminance with the reference device.
A short-circuit current of 9.85 mandm2 and power conversion efficiency of 3.82% are achieved by using the RGO/TiOx composite films with 0.083 mg/mL of RGO in TiO2 colloidal solution as electron transport layers for the inverted solar cells based on P3HT and PCBM, which are increased by 14.8% and 26.1% compared with the reference device without RGO, respectively.
To further investigate the origin of the increase of J sc, the absorption spectra and EQE curves for the reference device and modified device by CH3NH3I solution at the optimal concentration of 10 mg/ml are presented in Fig. 7, respectively.
