Sentence examples for by the primary users from inspiring English sources

We derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability and energy efficiency with consideration of the probabilities of unoccupied (not utilized by the primary users) channel selection and successful transmission for imperfect detection in an interference-limited environment of cognitive radio network.

In practice, only a small part of spectrum is occupied by the primary users.

The templates were also found to be well accepted by the primary users in the intensive care unit.

Collision tolerable level (CTL) is defined as the maximum probability of collision allowed by the primary users, denoted by.

This leads to a need to reallocate the spectrum dynamically so that the unlicensed users could access the spectrum not required by the primary users.

where, x t) is the signal received by the cognitive users, and s(t) is the signal sent by the primary users.

Hence, secondary users may be able to obtain more transmission opportunities by assisting the primary users to complete their transmissions as quickly as possible [17, 18].

Although the site is accessible by anybody, the primary users are residents in the Stockholm County [18].

The other, known as secondary user, is constrained by interference limitations imposed by the primary user.

CR enables secondary users (SUs) to access a spectrum band when it is not occupied by the primary user (PU).

A spectrum hole is said to exist when a particular band of frequencies is not used by the primary user.