This may be explained by the physiological level of expression of PAX3-FKHR, similar to that of Pax3 in our screen as well as the in vivo context; Pax3 PAX3-FKHR/+ mice do not develop tumours unless a second mutation affecting a tumour suppressor occurs [ 30].
To ensure that the effects of Lin28a on Imp1 expression are really mediated by changes in the physiological levels of let-7 famicroRNAsoRNAs we independently addressed this issue by testing whether Imp1 expression is regulated by the let-7 binding sites in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR).
These findings together indicate that the export of developing CD4−CD8− thymocytes could be favored by a disturbance of the physiological levels of S1P in the thymus during T. cruzi infection.
When over-expression reached around 6-fold above the physiological levels (by quantitative analysis of the YFP signal, see Experimental Procedures), only 24% of oocytes extruded a polar body 8 to 9 hours after GVBD, while 92% of the controls did.
Coral bleaching has been studied mostly at the physiological level by detecting the progressive loss of symbiotic algae or by measuring changes in the integrity and performance of their photosynthetic apparatus [9], [10].
Brain informatics is a joint field of brain and information sciences that studies the information processing mechanisms of the brain at the physiological level by computing and medical imagination technologies [51, 52, 56, 60, 62, 65, 67, 69, 70, 79].
All known examples of visual perception in animals are accomplished, at the physiological level, by an opsin-mediated phototransduction cascade [ 1].
Parkinson's disease (PD) results primarily from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra part of the brain and is characterised in particular by the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusions from protein aggregates called Lewy bodies (LB) and at the physiological level by a variety of movement disorders (e.g. Singh et al. 2007).
The Ca2+-ATPase is stimulated at the physiological level by Ca2+ and ATP, which accelerate all partial reactions of the cycle in the forward direction (e.g. Guillain et al, 1981; Jensen et al, 2006); similarly, the Na+,K+-ATPase is pushed forward by cytoplasmic Na+ and ATP, and otherwise (when Na+ is limiting) kept shut in a potassium-occluded E2 state (Post et al, 1972).
At the physiological level this is demonstrated by an elevated oxygen consumption and increased heat production.
