Sentence examples for by the pathogen thus from inspiring English sources

At heading (anthesis), plants that are located near the diseased primary-infected plants are also attacked by the pathogen, thus establishing secondary infection.

This analysis identified transcripts induced and repressed by the pathogen, thus providing insights into the host response to the infection and into the mechanisms used by the pathogen to evade such response.

To explain the production in planta of this polysaccharide, it was suggested that glycoproteins produced by sugarcane in response to infection by X. albilineans act as powerful inhibitors of proteases synthesized by the pathogen, thus preventing degradation of the UDP-glucose-dehydrogenase and permitting the production of the xanthan-like polysaccharide.

Based on the literature [ 36- 38], it is very possible that the IAA is derived from the bacterium and/or pathogen rather than the plant; the application of IAA might trick the plant into thinking it is being attacked by the pathogen, thus priming the defences responses such that they are activated to respond rapidly to the pathogen and thus increase plant FHB resistance.

Some researchers will require more detailed information about the morphology and anatomy of, for instance, the leaf in relation to the canopy structure and photosynthesis or infection by a pathogen, thus in this chapter key references are provided to detailed, relevant studies.

In nature, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent the first line of defense against infection by pathogens; thus, they are generally good candidates for the development of antimicrobial agents.

CD4+CD25+Treg cells are able to suppress antigen-specific T-cell responses against a variety of pathogens and also to control inappropriate or exaggerated immune activation induced by various pathogens, thus limiting immune-mediated tissue damage [5], [6], [7].

We also used FVA to identify blocked reactions and thus pathways that will never be used by the pathogen under the described conditions in vivo during infection.

Similar to previous observations from protein-protein interaction networks [24], these results indicate that genes with high betweenness centrality in inferred networks are more likely to be targeted by pathogens, thus probably play important roles in the response to pathogens.

Protectants are not absorbed by or translocated through the plant; thus they protect only those parts of the plant treated before invasion by the pathogen.

Nevertheless, the DEGs in each line were detected pre-and post-inoculation with the same pathogen, and thus the influence of genomic difference surrounding Rps genes on our pipeline for detection of DEGs triggered by the pathogen may be minimal.