Sentence examples for by the oxide layer from inspiring English sources
Thus, the electrocatalytic properties of Pd electrodes, and the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction under consideration are strongly affected by the oxide layer, its thickness, chemical composition (Pd oxidation state and nature of O-containing species) and 3D structure, degree of oxide hydration, and electronic properties.
Removing the DC bias reasserts the ambient conditions in the channel; the electrolyte reduces the oxidation at the leading edge and, without the mechanical support provided by the oxide layer, the liquid metal retracts back to its minimum-energy position [13].
Voc measurements were carried out on all the samples by suns-Voc method and showed an improvement of the quality of the passivation brought by the oxide layer.
A reactive wetting model in which the motion of the triple line and the wetting force is limited by the oxide layer thickness is proposed.
The electric dipole field created by the oxide layer on the Pt surface interacts strongly with protons, and concentrates protons at the metal surface.
After conducting sliding tests under different conditions, the characteristics of the oxide layer that are formed on the sliding surfaces of the two materials and changes in friction signal, which were caused by the oxide layer formation, were examined.
In recent reports [4, 5], sodium stannate-doped sodium hydroxide solution effectively promoted hydrogen generation from the Al/H2O system by weakening the oxide layer using sodium hydroxide and oxidizing Al by reducing the Sn(OH) 6 −2 ions.
To efficiently improve the electrical and optical properties of the produced SiNWs, the outer layer covered by oxide layer should be removed by treating the oxide layer with hydrofluoric acid (HF).
Compounds with flawless and continuously metallic interfaces can be produced successfully by replacing the oxide layer with a zinc layer.
The final structure was obtained by removing the oxide layer using HF acid (Figure 3b,d).
It was assumed that the layer was formed by wear debris sintering, cold welding or oxidation mechanisms and these properties were varied with tests temperatures and environments, which was confirmed by identification of the oxide layer by worn surface observation.
