Sentence examples for by the licensed users from inspiring English sources

Cognitive radio network (CRN) enables unlicensed users (or secondary users, SUs) to sense for and opportunistically operate in underutilized licensed channels, which are owned by the licensed users (or primary users, PUs).

The availability depends on whether these spectrum resources are occupied by the licensed users (LUs).

However, this approach is different compared to the one presented here: CR radios target to the efficient spectrum utilization when several subcarriers are unused by the licensed users.

In fact, the spectrum utilization can be improved by allowing the secondary users (SUs) to use the vacant channels left by the licensed users (PUs) [1].

CR entails the temporary usage of unused portions of the spectrum (spectrum holes or white spaces), owned by the licensed users (Primary Users--PUs), to be accessed by unlicensed users (Secondary Users--SUs).

It temporarily allows unused portions of the spectrum (spectrum holes/white-spaces), owned by the licensed users (primary users PUs), to be accessed by unlicensed users (secondary users SUs), without causing intrusive interference to the former's communication[1].

To efficiently manage the spectrum by using the unoccupied spectrum band when it is not used by the licensed user.

Can a patent holder extract royalties from not only a licensed user of its patent, but also from the licensed users' subsequent purchasers?

The interference constraint corresponds to the upper limit of the received power that can be tolerated at the licensed users' due to transmissions from unlicensed users.

By CR, a group of unlicensed users (referred to as secondary users (SUs)) can use the licensed frequency channels (spectrum holes) without causing a harmful interference to the licensed users (referred to as primary users (PUs)) and thus implement efficient reuse of the licensed channels.

For example, in cognitive radio OFDM systems, unlicensed users are allowed to use the licensed bands where the licensed users are not present.