Sentence examples for by the initial surface from inspiring English sources

The photoresponse of the hydrated phase was strongly influenced by the initial surface treatment of the base metal.

A phenomenological model is proposed to explain the observed transient sputtering phenomenon, and to show that the saturation fluence is solely determined by the initial surface roughness.

In addition, normalizing the dissolution rate by the initial surface area of the (001) orthoclase surface induces a 20% overestimation of the calculated dissolution rate, while the total surface area of the dissolving face reaches a steady state after a few days of reaction.

It is reported that MSF error is mainly affected by the initial surface error distribution (spatial and frequency domain), the removal function characters (profile, removal efficiency and stability) and the adopted paths [7, 8].

In the program used for this study (Strand7), coarse models are calculated by minimizing steps required to transition to the maximum element size (which is determined by the initial surface mesh), whereas fine models are built without much constraint on numbers of elements with maximum size.

Stress was determined based on the measured load divided by the initial surface area of the sample.

Our experiments have shown that stable behaviors are obtained by removing the initial surface charges.

It is then demonstrated that predictions of fatigue life carried out by accounting for the initial surface finishing through the crack shape factor and the environmental effect by means of the proper crack growth law present a good agreement with experimental data.

Radical nitriding is one of many surface modification methods, and it is possible to improve surface hardness by maintaining the roughness of the initial surface by control of the plasma.

The form-finding analysis of deployable mesh reflector antennas becomes more vital which aims to determine the initial surface profile formed by the equilibrium prestress distribution in cables to satisfy the surface accuracy requirement.

Although the initial surface temperature assumed by Suryantini et al. (2006) is 26.67 °C, which conforms to that of the surface air temperature by Hijmans et al. (2005) (http://www.worldclim.org), the average value calculated from the Suryantini (2007) complete HFD dataset is 28 °C.