Sentence examples for by the indirect pathway from inspiring English sources

Neuron 0 is activated more rapidly by the direct pathway than by the indirect pathway.

However, corneal graft rejection is predominantly by the indirect pathway.

In these experiments we have used F1 DCs to present alloantigen by the indirect pathway, which is not clinically applicable.

As the cornea lacks resident DCs, rejection of the cornea occurs predominantly by the indirect pathway of allorecognition 15– 15.

As seen in the in silico KO experiments, the direct pathway regulates the initial activation of x6, while the actual switching is carried out by the indirect pathway.

However, in order to achieve long-term presentation by the indirect pathway, we favour further genetic modification of the DCs to express donor-type alloantigen.

To date, researchers suggest three potential pathways of adiponectin activity in bone: (i) positive action through autocrine/paracrine pathways to locally produced adiponectin, (ii) negative action through the direct pathway by circulating adiponectin, and (iii) a positive action through the indirect pathway by circulating adiponectin via the enhancement of insulin signaling.

T cell recognize donor allo-peptides presented by recipient's APCs through the indirect pathway of allorecognition [9], a mechanism that generates indirect pathway CD4 T cells and allo-Abs, both critical in the pathogenesis of CAV [10] [12] and CR [13], [14].

This profile is in agreement with our recent results showing specific engagement of the indirect pathway by food-related motivational states [ 103].

In summary, in combination with the results from the trials listed in Table  1, the results of Dowling et al. strongly suggest that metformin exerts a significant part of its anti-tumor effects in breast cancer via the indirect pathway by lowering serum insulin, inhibiting downstream signaling via PI3K/Akt and Ras-MAPK pathways, and leading to decreases in cell proliferation.

Given the strength of the direct pathway after transplantation of vascularised organs, the most plausible strategy for inducing tolerance in the clinical setting is a dual approach in which the frequency of direct pathway alloreactive T cells is reduced by deletion and/or anergy, and tolerance of the residual direct and the indirect pathway then induced by a regulatory mechanism 41.