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The peak-to-valley distance predicted from the FEM matches the maximum PV value measured experimentally quite well, indicating that surface roughening of 5052 Al alloy plates during the SNH process using WC/Co balls is mainly dictated by the indentation process of the impacting balls.
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The forces from the chisel edge are modeled by considering the indentation process that occurs in the vicinity of the drill-bit axis.
Because both the sample and the indenter have elastic deformation during the indentation process, the reduced modulus E r is defined by 1 E r = 1 − v s 2 E s + 1 − v i 2 E i (11).
It generally increases the ratio between the dissipated energy and total work to deform the sample during the indentation process by AFM probe.
This is introduced by complex dislocation movement of atomic layers in the single-crystal copper during the indentation process.
Thus, the situation in this study is similar to the case of the indentation process.
For wet indentation, the maximum hardness is observed at the beginning of the indentation process and gradually decreases to a stable value of about 19.4 GPa.
The load varies from 0.125 to 1 kg in the indentation process of single-crystal MgO, but the ISE is seldom affected by the addition of a liquid for this material.
Three-dimensional (3D) MD simulation models are constructed to study the indentation processes on single-crystal copper by a half-cylinder diamond indenter.
In the present work, the ball indentation process is analysed by numerical simulations using the Distinct Element Method (DEM).
Viscoplastic deformations produced in the films that underwent the flat indentation process were quantified by measuring the residual deformation after unloading with an atomic force microscope.
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