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Hence, bootstrap samples differ solely by the imputed values.
First, regression imputation methods were used to impute missing data on covariates measured at baseline, and all covariate adjustment models were computed with the missing data replaced by the imputed values.
In approach 2, bootstrap samples over the imputed data could differ by the imputed values as well as the selected subjects.
Approach 1 ensured that for a bootstrap draw, the samples from each imputed data set differed only by the imputed values as in the original data sets.
For example, in Table 1, Mr. Smith's last real QOLtdi value was.64, followed by the imputed values.41,.33, and.23 (imputation method i).
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The explanation is that a bootstrap draw across the imputed data sets differed by both the imputed values as well as the selected subjects, introducing more heterogeneity between the bootstrap imputed data sets than there should be.
We accounted for the uncertainty of the imputed values by analyzing each of the 5 datasets separately and then combining the results [ 38– 41].
Concentrations of 3-PBA below the analytical LOD (23% of values) were imputed at random in R (version 3.1.0; http://www.r-project.org/foundation/) based on a log-normal probability distribution whose parameters were determined by maximum likelihood estimation with the imputed values forced to be below the LOD.
Moreover, sensitivity analysis done by varying the imputed value by 20% on either side, did not affect the overall categorization of the districts.
This test result will be contrasted to that obtained by comparing the two groups without imputed values also using the non-parametric test.
In the multiple+multiple-imputation (MMI), each missing value is replaced by a set of imputed values.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com