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One explanation is that some haplotypes of the breed that is not in the reference population are not "detected" by the imputation software which, therefore, tries to impute them based on the other breed, which has a different LD pattern.
However, since these ancestors are often only distantly related (through generations) to the target animals, the haplotypes they have in common are rather short and thus more difficult to detect by the imputation software.
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Imputation was studied in a subset of six chromosomes, using the imputation software programs Beagle and DAGPHASE.
The imputation software used was the Hmisc package for R, version 2.6.0 (18).
In addition, the rule for template selection might not be strictly followed by imputation software.
In dataset 1, imputation was performed using the different imputation software packages with parameter values presented in Table 1.
The effect of imputation software and its parameters on imputation errors was obtained from analysis of dataset 1.
The authors would like to thank Yongtao Guan for help with imputation software and data formatting.
Alternative imputation software and methodologies include SNPMSTAT and FFNN.
When variants are obtained by imputation, the imputation method and reference database should be described along with an estimate of the quality of the imputation.
MVNI – This imputation algorithm, adopted by the NORM software [ 19], assumes the complete data (observed and missing values) follows a multivariate normal distribution.
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