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Ultrasonic motors are driven by the friction force between the rotor and the vibrator, which often induces speed fluctuations synchronizing with the rotor position periodically, namely, speed ripples.
The results also reveal that the excitation energy is provided by the friction force on the flank surface and the cutting force acting on the tool rake.
In these, the impulsive force was balanced by the friction force of the Sabo dam and the opposite force of the load cell behind the dam as it was hit by the debris flow.
It can be concluded that 70% of the bonding strength at the interface was taken by the friction force of the interface elements, while the remaining 30% of the bonding strength at the interface was sustained by the chemical adhesive force and the mechanical interlock force.
The results show that: With the increasing cross-wind velocity, the flames bases are augmented by the "friction force" to cover more area of the near wake of the nozzle, with more length and area of the continuous regions of the flame.
The stresses and strains generated in the surface during sliding are the result of four different mechanisms: the pulling and pushing by the friction force; the geometrical indent, groove, and torus shaped deformations of the flat surface; the bulk plasticity concentration and curvature minimum effects; and the residual stresses in the coating.
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The friction coefficient was calculated by dividing the friction force by the axial force.
The human controls the grasp force by sensing the friction force, that is, the weight of the object which is felt on his hand, but when the slip is detected by sensing skin acceleration, the grasp force becomes much greater than the minimum force required for grasping by adding the force which is proportional to the acceleration.
Okamura et al.[1] and Simone et al.[2] elucidated, from an experiment using a cow liver, that the force acting on a needle can be modeled by summing the friction force, the cutting force, and the stiffness force.
Our aim is here to use our experimental setup to characterize the properties of the frictional contact by directly measuring the friction force and to observe the resulting trajectories of the slider.
The dynamics of a worm-gear set under instantly applied rotating angle are affected by several factors (including the friction force and elastic deformation of the surface between gear teeth).
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