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Thus, as a measure of feature significance, phase congruency should be weighted by the frequency spread.
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The frequency spread weighing function can be constructed by applying a hyperbolic tangent function to the filter response spread value, W x = 1 2 1 + tanh λ 2 s x − c (12).
As channel mobility increases, so does the frequency spread of.
The spread-F signatures are manually categorized into three types: the frequency spread-F (FSF), the range spread-F (RSF) and the mixed spread-F (MSF) and the monthly average percentage of the occurrence of each ESF type is presented.
the frequency spread-F.
The reason for choosing the Vandermonde structure for the frequency spreading matrix follows that of the space spreading matrix.
In higher time-varying fading channels, the orthogonality among OFDM subcarriers is no more satisfied which leads to the fatal degradation of bit error rate (BER) performance due to the occurrence of inevitable inter-carrier interference (ICI) caused by the higher Doppler frequency spread [6].
While symptomatically similar events to what we now call CCD were historically documented what, as I understand it, is new and the reason the term was coined, was that by 2006 the frequency and spread of CCD symptomatology reached previously unheard of levels (and being symptomatically similar doesn't mean caustively identical).
Weighting by frequency spread has benefit of reducing those ill-conditioned responses that have the low frequency spread, as well as improving the localization accuracy of features, especially the smoothed features whose responses are normally uniform [20].
The ISI is caused by the time dispersion due to the multipath propagation, whereas the ICI is caused by the frequency dispersion (Doppler spreading) due to the motion of the scatterers, transmitter, or receiver.
The spread spectrum protocols like the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and the frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) minimize the effects of interference from the narrow band sources.
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