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The periodic twisting moments, created either by the flow separation at the upstream corners and the reattachment process of the separated shear layers, or by the eccentricity between the resultant lift force and centre of stiffness, were found to be a dominant wind excitation mechanism causing a significant increase in the twisting moment response of the building model.
The vortex originated by the flow separation from the baffle tip became weaker with increasing the baffle height.
This is mainly due to the reduction of the wetted area, which is caused by the flow separation occurring at the step.
This method involves the assessment of dissipated fraction of total sloshing oscillation energy, which is caused by the flow separation around the baffles.
Both one-vortex and multi-vortex regimes could be observed for the street canyons with H/W = 1.0, where the secondary vortex could be initiated by the flow separation and intensified by unstable thermal stratification.
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Similarly, the boundary layer trip strip attached at the bottom surface of the girder reduced the Reynolds number dependency by fixing the flow separation.
The area covered by thin lines, denoting the flow separation on top of the upper cylinder, increased for laminar but decreased for turbulent flow due to the laminarization phenomena in turbulent mixed convection.
The above heat transfer enhancement is associated with the flow separation caused by the throttling effects, the acceleration of fluid in the main flow and the intensification of fluid mixing in the unique reentrant configurations of REEM.
The optimal design delayed the flow separation and the peak efficiency dropped by 3.1%.
To confirm the flow separation delay visually, a flow visualization test was conducted by using the smoke-wire method.
The STD pressure coefficient in the flow-separation region caused by low-frequency turbulence can be compensated well when the conical vortex is not strong.
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