Sentence examples for by the external load from inspiring English sources

Lamellar γ grains can be in soft and hard orientations with respect to the resolved shear stress provided by the external load.

The mode-II part of the strain energy release rate is provided by the external load using a three-point bending fixture.

For railway axles in service, this microstructure gradient is superimposed to the stress gradient introduced by the external load of rotatory bending imposed on the axle.

Furthermore, a significant fraction of the work done by the external load on the structure is absorbed as strain energy of deformations of the core plates near the supports.

In particular, studies comparing loaded and unloaded scapular movement during arm elevation have reported that the scapular upward rotation decreased (Kon et al. 2008; McQuade et al. 1998), increased (Forte et al. 2009), or was not influenced (de Castro et al. 2014; Pascoal et al. 2000) by the external load.

According to this method, the specific fracture energy of concrete (energy per unit area necessary to break the concrete) is obtained as follows: G_{f} = frac{{W_{f} }}{{A_{lig} }} (1 where W f is the work-of-fracture supplied by the external load (machine) and A lig is the ligament area of the specimen.

The estimability of parameters was tested by varying the external load as a step and also as a square pulse.

Then, by keeping the external load constant and the temperature below the glass transition temperature, the antenna remains in the same state after unloading.

This process is carried out by applying the external load as a sequence of sufficiently small increments so that the structure can be assumed to respond linearly within each increment (Arnesen et al. [1980]).

Both I-V and electric power data have been recorded by changing the external load to the cell (0 to 2 KΩ) at fixed temperatures of 450°C, 520°C, and 550°C, at a fixed hydrogen flow.

In phase I, stable sliding begins to occur locally and then propagates laterally at a slow rate that is driven by the external loading.