The working cultures contained approximately 108 CFU/mL S. putrefaciens were obtained by diluting the exponential phase cells in nutrient broth.
By not exceeding the exponential phase of the PCR amplification, differentially expressed genes can be identified on an agarose gel.
In S. pombe, elevated respiration by low glucose during the exponential phase produced sufficient ROS to activate the Sty1 MAP kinase [ 6, 9].
The Ct value represents the cycle at which a significant increase of the PCR product, which is measured by an increase in fluorescence, occurs; this cycle is generally marked by the middle of the exponential phase of amplification.
The most marked changes occurred by transfer 38 in the exponential phase (supplementary tables 1 and 2, Supplementary Material online) and include 17 phage-related genes, of which 12 were upregulated and five downregulated (supplementary table 2 [ Supplementary Material online] and fig. 5 A ).
Baseline calculation and CT determination by individual thresholds according to the exponential phase of individual PCR reactions were automatically performed by the software.
The cells were harvested at the exponential phase by centrifugation at 10,000 × g for 20 min at 4°C.
The HFP-t curves abided by the following equation in the exponential phase of E. coli growth: P_{text{t}} = P_{0} { exp }left( {kt} right){text{ or ln}}P_{text{t}} = { ln }P_{0} + kt (1).
Generally, the dNTP pools increase by 5- to 10-fold when cells transit from G0/G1 phase to S phase; this transition is mainly achieved by increased RNR levels during the exponential phase in bacteria and the S phase in eukaryotes (Cendra Mdel et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2014a, b).
By limiting cycle numbers to the exponential phase (15 for rpL7a and 25 for Vida3) reactions were semi-quantitative and band intensity could be quantified (Bio Imaging Systems, Syngene Europe).
