Sentence examples for by the electron spin from inspiring English sources

It was confirmed by the electron spin resonance (ESR), even under open-circuit voltage (OCV) condition.

Information on the chain scission was obtained by the electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements.

By the electron spin resonance analysis, the main active species was determined to be superoxide radicals rather than hydroxyl radicals.

The kinetics of accumulation of radicals in the P3HT films was explored by the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy under similar conditions.

The detailed characterization of the above mentioned hybrid ion exchangers was made by the electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements using the X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer.

The spin-probed copolymers of styrene and acrylonitrile differing in monomer content and chain structure were examined by the electron spin resonance (e.s.r).r

The complex structural heterogeneity within lipid categories originates from variations in the numbers and lengths of fatty acyl chains, degrees of unsaturation, double bond positions, head groups, etc. Lipid oxidation can be produced by a free radical chain reaction that is initiated either by removing an electron from an alkyl moiety or oxygen, or by changing the electron spin of the oxygen.

According to the radical pair theory, an external magnetic field affects chemical reactions by alternating the electron spin state of a weakly coupled radical pair, which is produced as an intermediate of the electron transport chain reactions (Zhang et al., 2014).

Echo-detected EPR spectra (ED EPR) were recorded by integration of the electron spin echo signal (ESE) generated by two-pulse sequence (π/2−τ−π) ± 62 ns around the maximum with two-step phase cycling at different magnetic field induction B0.

As Pσ is determined by the orientation of the electron spin with respect to the direction of observation, optical excitation aligns the electron spin along the longitudinal axis.

The PPL should oscillate between +1 (100%) and −1 with the same frequency [19] because, when the hole spin has no preferential orientation, this quantity is determined only by the projection of the electron spin.