Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigSuggestions(5)
Exact(5)
The protuberance composed of the oxidation layer processed by the electrical processing can be removed by an appropriate mechanical processing without vibration.
A 0.54-nm-high protuberance of the anodic oxide layer was formed by the electrical processing.
The cross-sectional surface profiles show that the surface of the silicon was oxidized and raised to a height of nearly 0.75 nm by the electrical processing.
This means that the oxide layer formed by the electrical processing remained even after mechanical processing at 2,000 nN load.
The currents measured after the electrical processing in the first and third steps were decreased compared with that of the unprocessed surface owing to the anodic oxidation layer formed by the electrical processing.
Similar(55)
By electrical processing, the processed surface protuberates and the current decreases by the formation of the oxide layer because of anodization by applying a positive voltage to the silicon.
Thus, the oxidation layer formed during the first electrical processing was removed by the mechanical processing without vibration, increasing the current.
The height of the protuberance formed by electrical processing with 10 nm amplitude vibration at 4.5 V was nearly 0.6 nm. Figure 5 Dependence of surface properties on applied load during electrical processing with 10 nm vibration.
The heights of the protuberances formed by electrical processing with vibration at a high voltage were higher than those by mechanical processing with vibration.Current distribution images of these electrically processed areas are shown in Figure 5b.
For sequential processing, the resistivity increases by electrical processing because of anodic oxidation.
With sequential processing, the local oxide layer formed by electrical processing can be removed by mechanical processing using the same tip without vibration.
More suggestions(16)
by the electrical signal
by the electrical energy
by the long processing
by the electrical engineer
by the electrical supplier
by the electrical arc
by the mitochondrial processing
by the general processing
by the electrical interference
by the surgical processing
by the electrical field
by the electrical amplifier
by the electrical discharge
by the agricultural processing
by the neural processing
by the electrical power
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com