The red curve was drawn by hand as the sum of an exponential and a Gaussian with the dashed portion of the curve representing the exponential curve in the absence of the Gaussian component.
The amplitude of that "dip" must cross the threshold (dashed portion of curve) to trigger the polarisation, as otherwise it decays back to the uniform activation level.
For central Honshu, the lower left portion of Fig. 5 shows, on the other hand, the NE-SW trending, banded pattern of alternating extension and compression in that direction (as emphasized by the dashed lines).
This is indicated in the figure by the dashed lines.
The ablated region is indicated by the dashed red arrow.
Two avoided crossings are observed, indicated by the dashed outlines.
A clear twin interface is indicated by the dashed line.
The data for the 20-nm particles, on the other hand, are still compatible with Equation 1, as illustrated by the dashed and the dash dotted lines.
The inter-cluster distance between the two remaining clusters is shown by the dashed red line.
The angular broadening can be visualized by the dashed wavefronts in Fig. 4 ▸(b).
