The layers were examined by the cross-section method using transmission electron microscopy.
Both oxygen and carbon isotope values of α-cellulose prepared by the cross-section method also closely matched those prepared by the standard method.
We checked chemical purity of α-cellulose prepared by the cross-section method from five tree species (larch, pine, spruce, beech, and oak).
In addition, because the nanowires just adsorbed on the electrodes by the DEP aligning method, the contact area may be much smaller than the cross section of nanowires.
Location of the cross section is shown by line.
The proposed method assumes that the shear force acting in a concrete beam is resisted primarily by the compression zone of intact concrete in the cross section.
As mentioned above, the cross section as well as the atomic oxygen density affects derived conductivities by the photometric method.
This method is different from the cross-section adjustment method and the bias factor method.
Additionally, the design moment strengths M d of the cross sections, calculated by the plastic stress design method (PSDM) and strain-compatibility method (SCM) specified in each design code, were investigated quantitatively.
The microstructure was observed by different methods, from the coating surface through the cross sections to the interface.
In this work, flow velocity was estimated in the channelized section of the landslide, along the cross sections shown in Fig. 8, by using two methods: the superelevation of the debris surface in the channel belt (Johnson & Rondine, 1984) and the Poiseuille equation (Hungr et al., 1984).
