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This kind of diffusion is a gradual process, driven by the concentration gradient.
The nanocrystal develops further on account of a slow precursor transfer from a distant space driven by the concentration gradient — classical diffusion-limited growth.
The energy flux created by the concentration gradient is called Dufour effect and the temperature gradient can cause the mass flux which is Soret effect.
The simulation results showed that as the absorption process progressed, Rayleigh convection was generated by the concentration gradient near the interface.
The second is an effect due to the paramagnetic force (F→p), caused by the concentration gradient (∇→c) and therefore the gradient of the molar susceptibility (∇→χm).
In the derivation, the molecular mass flow rate (JM) formula was used to calculate droplet mass transfer rate, which was controlled by the concentration gradient of the surface vapor pressure (PS) near the droplets.
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The chamber headspace concentration also affects the flux by altering the concentration gradient between the soil and the chamber.
During CRRT the addition of countercurrent dialysate flow accomplishes diffusive clearance by maximizing the concentration gradient between blood and dialysate through the length of the membrane.
If individual mitochondria can be resolved in a wide field-or confocal fluorescence microscope, changes in Δψm can be monitored at single-mitochondrial resolution by determining the concentration gradient of the cation between the cytoplasm and matrix [ 89].
The use of an actively mixed flow reactor results in a uniform concentration of reactants at the catalytic material surface at high conversion factors which also allows to measure the photocatalytic activity bypassing the limitations imposed by the concentration gradients of unmixed flow reactors.
This mathematical model incorporates Fick's law of diffusion, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the Nernst-Planck equation, to model the diffusion of small molecule chemical agents across the membranes bounding cellular / subcellular compartments, as determined by the concentration gradients, pH gradients, and electrical potentials across the bounding membranes.
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