The extrinsic signals are of both chemical (bioactive molecules) and mechanical (forces caused by the cell-cell or cell-ECM interactions, at the micrometer and nanometer scale) nature[3].
However, an attractor corresponding to each cell type is not invariant against possible changes of surrounding cells, and instead is modified by the cell-cell interaction.
Also, an important point here is that the signals maintained by the cell-cell interaction are regulated spontaneously to achieve robustness of the cell population, as described in our papers.
The administration of anticancer drugs impairs the gut barrier function, possibly by reducing the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
Σ, sum of all cell trajectory vectors divided by the number of cells (n = 30 cells, each line represents a cell).
Tumor cells interact with the cells of the microenvironment not only by cell-cell-contacts but also by the release of signal substances.
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by slow accumulation of malignant cells, which are supported in the microenvironment by cell-cell interactions and soluble cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
The liquid was designed to fluoresce once metabolized by the cell, confirming that the cell had survived the operation.
The total CO2 release is computed for each realization by summing the products of the simulated CO2 flux value at each grid cell by the cell surface.
PI fluoresces strongly in the red when bound to DNA, from which it is excluded by the cell membrane in living cells.
Mouse hepatoma cell line H22 cells were provided by the Cell Bank at the China Academy of Science.
