Sentence examples for by testing the null from inspiring English sources

This paper sets up a background for the evolutionary analysis of cultures by testing the null hypothesis of no evolution.

Problem 2. When making change decision by testing the null hypothesis shown in Eq. (5), the threshold of (lambda) is essential as it balances the detection precision and recall (their definitions will be given in Section 4.3).

We assess the statistical significance of brightness peaks by testing the null hypothesis that the observed brightness distribution is merely random noise superimposed on a smooth curve of radiation scattered by circumstellar dust.

This study examined the effect of vapor lock on canal debridement efficacy by testing the null hypothesis that there is no difference between a "closed" and an "open" system design in smear layer and debris removal by using a side-vented needle for irrigant delivery.

By testing the null hypothesis that the trait values represented among increasing or decreasing species were a random draw from the 1978 species pool, we determined the consistency of botanical change with changes in land-use in different vegetation types and landscape locations across Britain.

The changes are detected by testing the null hypothesis that all n (strangeness) values (which corresponds to (x_{1},x_{2}, ldots,x_{n},) respectively) are exchangeable in the index, through the corresponding exchangeability martingale (M_{1},M_{2}, ldots,M_{n}), where M n is a measurable function of (s_{1},s_{2}, ldots,s_{n}), satisfying.

We examined whether different coral species provide distinct microbial habitats by testing the null-hypothesis that OTUs were randomly present or absent in any of the 8 samples.

The inferential framework is as follows: Sharp null hypothesis test : We begin by testing the sharp null of no effect on any unit against the alternative of some effect (e.g. change in location, scale, or distribution).

The last research question was addressed by testing the following null hypothesis: There is not any significant difference between the effectiveness of SBI on different subscales of EI.

An adaptation to finding underexpressed genes is straightforward by testing the partial null hypothesis that the gene under study is expressed equally or lower in tissue j than in the target tissue against the partial alternative that the gene is expressed lower in the target tissue.

Differences in allometric models among species were tested by a MANCOVA, testing the null hypothesis of homogeneity of linear allometric models.