We therefore analysed RPE differentiation by testing the expression of an RPE-specific marker, RPE65, five days after injection of LNT.shGFP, LNT.ZONAB or LNT.shZO-1 [18].
We controlled for possible population differentiation by testing the distribution of pair-wise comparisons between one individual from the SLSJ region and one INTERHEART European individual against pair-wise comparisons of the Europeans controls.
The multilineage differentiation potential was assessed by testing the ability of the BMSCs to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondroblasts, using StemPro Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Kits (Invitrogen).
Cellular differentiation was evaluated by testing the ALP activity of cBMSCs cultured on construct specimens for 7, 14, 21, and 24 days.
Year-class variation was further controlled for by testing pairwise differentiation among year-classes, and excluding one-by-one year-class from site wise θ tests (above).
While common garden experiments are in theory equally well suited to test for genetic differentiation across time, by repeatedly testing the same population, this either requires long-term studies started a long time ago, or if started now, considerable long-term planning and effort.
At passage 3, we evaluated their cardiac gene expression profile induced by PL, by testing cardiac stem cell/differentiation genes, such as smooth muscle actin (SMA), KDR, c-kit, Connexin 43 (Cx43), Nkx2.5, myosin heavy chain (MHC), Thy-1, GATA-4, and troponin I (TnI).
Since activation or potentiation of Wnt signaling can increase bone mass by enhancing osteoblast differentiation and function, as well as by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation indirectly [28], we tested the activity of LRP6 antibodies on mouse calvarial bones in organotypic culture.
Mantel tests were used to test the correlation between matrices of genetic differentiation and Euclidean distances between sampling sites by 1000 permutations in GENEPOP.
In order to test the effect of PAQG (Fig. S1A) on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, we measured the level of adipocytes by Oil Red O staining.
