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The optimal concentration of TNF-α was established by testing a concentration range of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 10 ng/mL.
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We extended previously reported results obtained on this platform (Davis et al., 2011) by testing a wider concentration range and by additionally testing vemurafenib.
Any effect of inulin or trehalose on the hemagglutination and hemolysis assay was excluded, by testing a similar concentration of the freeze-dried sugar without viral particles.
This assumption can be tested by isolating single buffer components and testing a concentration range against the normal buffer conditions.
NOEC and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values were derived by testing a trend in concentration effects against control by using nonparametric multiple contrast tests (Neuhaeuser et al. 2000).
This was done by testing a range of concentrations of each of the analytes, determining a lower detection limit, and quantifying the specificity of the bioassays against other molecules.
First, we determined the optimal conditions for cell-based experiments by testing a range of concentrations of Ara h 1 ranging from 25 to 1000 μg/ml and different times of incubation with Caco-2 cells.
The sensitivity of VEGF165-HSPG in the basement membrane to cell-surface proteases is more poignantly captured by testing a range of protease concentrations (Fig. 4B).
Concentrations of ESAT-6, Erp and Ag85B were defined by testing a large dilution series of antigen concentrations in a population of tuberculosis patients (n = 12) and the optimal concentration of each antigen was selected.
We adapted this method to leptospiral cells by testing a range of proteinase K concentrations from 12.5 to 100 µg/ml, using known surface (LipL46) and subsurface (FlaA1 and LipL31) proteins as positive and negative controls, respectively.
An additional problem arose because of difficulties in defining the maximum response to the individual test compounds, as well as the maximum response predicted by CA. These difficulties were overcome in the present study by testing a wider range of mixture concentrations and by standardizing the response across exposures according to the minimum and maximum response of the controls.
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