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Nodules, which contain thin-walled, inflated cells and hyphae in addition to conidia, are consumed by termite workers as an important part of the termite diets (Batra and Batra 1979).
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A Termitomyces mushroom (Fig. 1a c) is cultivated by the only macrotermitine species known in Taiwan, black-winged subterranean termite Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Fig. 1e), at fungus gardens (Fig. 1c, d), which are built underground with fecal balls excreted by termite workers.
After a few weeks, the fungus starts to produce vegetative structures, nodules (which are modified unripe mushrooms) that are consumed by the termite workers.
Prey were rather seized by the thorax (termite workers: 71.8%; N = 71; termite soldiers: 69.4%; N = 49; small tettigonids: 74.2%; N = 68; large tettigonids: 56.1%; N = 41) rather than by the abdomen.
Platythyrea conradti workers can detect prey by contact or from a distance, but only relatively small termite workers were mostly detected by contact (Fig. 3).
Back in the laboratory, I studied the ants' predatory behavior (between 5 00 and 8 00 a.m ., by conducting a series of tests using termite workers and soldiers (Macrotermes bellicosus) and tettigonid larvae of two size classes as prey.
Termite workers isolate dead individuals by burying them [ 6], whereas honeybees and many ant species transport them outside the colony [ 7, 8].
We then verified if they competed for prey by conducting experiments where we placed live Nasutitermes sp. termite workers at three different places on a plant sheltering both an A. decemarticulatus colony and Z. annulosus second or third instar nymphs.
The experimental conditions (40 hours of starvation followed by 15 hours of wood-feeding) were repeated several times for different groups of termite workers for sample collection.
To capture termite workers and soldiers defending their nest entrances, ant workers crouch and fold their antennae backward.
After 5 minutes, we furnished a termite worker (Nasutitermes sp).
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